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Bones and muscles

Heart and blood vessels

Lifestyle

Normally, the result is: 

Reference values: 
- over 16 y: 0,42-2,50 µmol/l 

The reference values of this examination have changed 11.10.2021. You will find your own result's reference values from My LOUNA in touch with the graph. Read [more](https://lounalab.fi/article/miten-suhtautua-laboratoriotutkimusten-tuloksiin-ja-milloin-tulos-on) about defining reference values.

Please contact your physician or other healthcare professional if you suspect an illness or need help interpreting the results.

The levels can increase as a result of taking nutritional supplements with high amounts of ubiquinone. Excessive intake of ubiquinone is rare.

Medicines and diseases can cause low ubiquinone levels. Patients with heart diseases normally have lower levels of ubiquinone in the blood and heart muscle.

SYNLAB test list: Ubiquinone, from serum (4363 fS–Ubikin) 
https://www.yml.fi/tuotekuvaus_show.php?tuotenro=1072

Hyvinvoinnin.fi: Ubikinoni CoQ10  https://www.hyvinvoinnin.fi/blogs/ravitsemus/ubikinoni-coq10 

VITA Laboratoriot: UBIKINONI (koentsyymi Q10), seerumista https://vita.fi/laboratoriokasikirja/tutkimus/2014

Ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q10, is present in almost all human tissue. It is crucial to the energy production of cells. Ubiquinone is fat-soluble, and it transforms into ubiquinol in the body, functioning as an antioxidant in the cells. In terms of structure, it resembles vitamin K. Because the body can produce ubiquinone, however, it is not considered to be a vitamin. The highest concentrations of ubiquinone are found in heart, liver, muscle, and kidney tissue. It is also present in LDL and HDL cholesterol in the blood. The body produces ubiquinone, but its production decreases with age. 

We get small amounts of ubiquinone from meat, offal, soybean oil, peanuts, and sardines. 

## When should ubiquinone be measured? 

Ubiquinone should be measured when suspecting insufficient intake. 

## What does a ubiquinone test measure? 

The test measures the level of ubiquinone in the blood. The level is at its highest around the age of 20, after which the body’s ubiquinone production decreases.

Micro-nutrients and minerals

fS-Ubikin

Ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q10, is present in almost all human tissue. It is crucial to the energy production of cells.

Normally, the result is: 

Reference values:
- Women: 10,7–26,6 nmol/l 
- Men: 8.8-17.5 µmol/l

Please contact your physician or other healthcare professional if you suspect an illness or need help interpreting the results.

The reference values of this examination have changed 11.10.2021. You will find your own result's reference values from My LOUNA in touch with the graph.
Read [more](https://lounalab.fi/article/miten-suhtautua-laboratoriotutkimusten-tuloksiin-ja-milloin-tulos-on) about defining reference values.

Elevated copper values may result from a rare hereditary disorder called Wilson’s disease. The disease builds up excess copper in the eyes, liver, brain and other organs. Toxic copper levels may also occur if the body is exposed to large amounts of copper in a short time. In a chronic exposure, the body is exposed to large amounts of copper several times in the long term. 

Copper levels may also rise in connection with pregnancy or oestrogen treatment. In addition, elevated values are found in some liver diseases (primary biliary cholangitis and sclerosing cholangitis) as well as in hereditary build-up of iron (haemochromatosis).

Decreased copper levels can occur in severe malabsorption, such as coeliac disease and cystic fibrosis, as well as in malnourished children. 

Decreased levels are also connected to iron medication and the use of trace elements rich in zinc as both iron and zinc prevent the normal absorption of copper in the intestines.

Ceruloplasmin, from serum (2041 S -Kerulo)

SYNLAB test list: Copper, from plasma (2170 P -Cu) https://www.yml.fi/tuotekuvaus_show.php?tuotenro=247

Lab Tests Online: Copper https://labtestsonline.org/tests/copper

Copper is a trace element that plays a role in enzyme functions. Examples include the regulation of iron metabolism, the formation of connective tissue, cell energy production and the functions of the nervous system.  

Copper is present in various foods, such as liver, mushrooms, dried fruit, nuts, wholegrain products, chocolate and shellfish. Copper is usually absorbed in the intestines and bound to transport protein that helps it travel to the liver. The liver removes excess copper into bile. The excess copper is removed from the body in stool. 

## When should copper be measured? 

Excessive and insufficient copper levels in blood are rare conditions. Copper may be accumulated in the body due to a hereditary disorder (Wilson's disease). Insufficient copper levels may indicate that the absorption of nutrients in the intestines has been weakened. 

Excessive copper levels may cause the following symptoms: 

- Fatigue and shortness of breath 
- Stomach pain 
- Nausea, stomach pain 
- Listlessness 
- Behavioural changes 
- Tremor 
- Difficulty swallowing and walking 
- Changes in behaviour 

Insufficient copper levels may cause the following symptoms: 

- Unusually low level of white blood cells 
- Fatigue and shortness of breath 

## What does a copper test measure? 

The test measures the amount of copper in the blood.

Copper

Copper is a trace element that plays a role in enzyme functions.

Men's Health

Liver

Normally, the result is: 

Reference values: 
- Those aged over 16:	0.64–1.52 µmol/l 

Please contact your physician or other healthcare professional if you suspect an illness or need help interpreting the results.

The reference values of this examination have changed 11.10.2021. You will find your own result's reference values from My LOUNA in touch with the graph.
Read [more](https://lounalab.fi/article/miten-suhtautua-laboratoriotutkimusten-tuloksiin-ja-milloin-tulos-on) about defining reference values.

High selenium levels indicate that the body has received too much selenium from food and/or nutritional supplements. This is known as selenium toxicity. In the worst case, it can cause damage to the liver and nervous symptoms.

Low selenium levels suggest selenium deficiency in the body, which can involve depression and anxiety. A link has also been suggested to an increased risk of cardiac diseases and malignant tumours.

SYNLAB test list: Selenium (4564 P-Se) https://www.yml.fi/tuotekuvaus_show.php?tuotenro=328

VitaeLab: Seleeni https://www.vitaelab.fi/terveystietoa/seleeni/ 

Lab Tests online. Selenium. https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/selenium (retrieved 4 May 2021) 

Selenium (Se) is an element that we get from food, and it is also an antioxidant. Selenium is present in the muscles, liver, kidneys, thyroid gland, platelets, and heart. Selenium contributes to the well-being of hair and nails, normal thyroid function, the production of sperm, and the function of the immune system. Selenium deficiency can also cause damage to the heart muscle. 

Selenium is absorbed into the body from the gastrointestinal tract. Excess selenium is excreted into urine. Fish and shellfish contain a lot of selenium, but we also get it from grains, dairy products, and meat.  

## When should selenium be measured? 

The level of selenium is usually measured when examining possible selenium deficiency. Other trace elements, such as copper and zinc, are also often tested together with selenium. 

## What does a selenium test measure? 

The measurement of the level of selenium can tell us whether there is enough selenium in the body.

Selenium

Selenium (Se) is an element that we get from food, and it is also an antioxidant.

Normally, the result is: 

Reference values:
- P-Zn: 9–18 µmol/l 

The zinc levels in the blood are at their highest in the morning, decreasing during the day and after meals. That is why sampling is recommended in the morning after fasting. 

Please contact your physician or other healthcare professional if you suspect an illness or need help interpreting the results.

The reference values of this examination have changed 11.10.2021. You will find your own result's reference values from My LOUNA in touch with the graph.
Read [more](https://lounalab.fi/article/miten-suhtautua-laboratoriotutkimusten-tuloksiin-ja-milloin-tulos-on) about defining reference values.

Excessive use of zinc preparations may increase zinc levels. However, the excess is usually excreted from the body. 

High zinc levels disrupt the absorption of copper in the intestines.

Decreased zinc levels occur during pregnancy, infections and malnutrition. Zinc levels may also be low if the absorption is disrupted due to an intestinal disorder or surgery. Loss of zinc may also be increased by cirrhosis, for example. 

Decreased albumin levels may also reduce zinc levels as zinc is transported by albumin.

SYNLAB test list: Zinc (2639 P -Zn, 2636 B -Zn) https://www.yml.fi/tuotekuvaus_show.php?tuotenro=333

Avain Apteekit: Sinkki vahvistaa kudoksia ja vastustuskykyä https://www.avainapteekit.fi/terveys/vitamiinit-ja-hivenaineet/sinkki-vahvistaa-kudoksia-ja-vastustuskykyae 

Lab test online. Zinc. https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/zinc (cited 3 May 21)


Zinc (P-Zn) is a vitally important trace element. Most of our zinc is located inside the cells in muscles and bones. Zinc is needed in protein production, enzyme functions and as part of protein and amino acid functions. It is also needed in healing wounds. 

Zinc is ingested in food. Sources of zinc include liver, eggs, nuts, vegetables, soy products, wholegrains and dairy products. 

About 20–30% of the zinc in the intestines is absorbed in blood and bound to proteins, primarily albumin. Zinc is excreted from the system in stool, urine, sweat and other bodily secretions. Zinc can be found everywhere in the body and is not specifically stored in any particular type of tissue. Should the need for zinc strongly increase or its ingestion weaken, the person may start suffering from zinc deficiency. 

The medicinal characteristics of zinc have been shown to shorten head colds, hoarseness, coughs and muscle pain if the treatment is started within 24 hours of the first symptoms.  

## When should zinc be measured? 

Zinc should be measured when suspecting zinc deficiency as a result of malabsorption, for example. 

## What does a zinc test measure? 

A zinc test can be used to examine whether the body’s zinc levels are excessive, insufficient or optimal.

P -Zn

Zinc (P-Zn) is a vitally important trace element. Most of our zinc is located inside the cells in muscles and bones. 

Metabolism

Diet

Normally, the result is: 

Reference values: 
0.71–0.94 mmol/l 

Magnesium deficiency is challenging to diagnose. Deficiency of magnesium inside the body’s cells cannot always be seen in the blood. A decreased magnesium level in the blood indicates magnesium deficiency. 

In connection with low magnesium levels, it is recommended to also have potassium (S-K) and calcium (S-Ca) levels tested, because they are often associated with magnesium deficiency. 

According to Finnish recommendations, the daily intake of magnesium should be 350 mg for men and 280 mg for women.

Excessive amounts of magnesium in the body are very rare. Magnesium from food and magnesium from magnesium supplements do not accumulate in the body in excessive amounts. 

Magnesium supplements can increase the blood magnesium levels to a harmful degree in those with kidney failure and very old people. Elevated values can also been seen in situations in which intravenous feeding has been used.

Too low a magnesium level in the body is possible, but rare in healthy individuals. 

Usually, decreased magnesium levels can emerge in connection with gut malabsorption, such as coeliac disease. Diarrhoea and vomiting can also impair the absorption of magnesium. 

In rare cases, long-term continuous use of antacids (over 3 months) can also cause magnesium deficiency. 

Magnesium is excreted from the body with urine during the use of diuretics or as a result of long-term alcohol use and in those with diabetes, when the amounts of urine increase due to abnormal sugar balance. 

Magnesium is also low in liver cirrhosis and hypoparathyroidism (underactive parathyroid) and when too much aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal gland in connection with diseases.

- Calcium is critical for all cells of the body (2013 S-Ca, 2019 fS-Ca-Ion, 6032 S-Ca-Albk) 
- Potassium is one of the most important minerals in the blood (2001 S-K) 
- Sodium is the most important salt in bodily fluids (2382 S-Na) 

SYNLAB test list: Magnesium (2303 S-Mg) https://www2.synlab.fi/laboratoriokasikirja/tutkimuskuvaukset/magnesium/  

[Rivityskohta]Terveyskirjasto health library: Magnesium https://www.terveyskirjasto.fi/terveyskirjasto/tk.koti?p_artikkeli=dlk00818&p_hakusana=magnesium 

Terveyskirjasto health library: Magnesiumin vähyys yhteydessä sydänriskeihin https://www.duodecim.fi/2020/01/15/magnesiumin-vahyys-yhteydessa-sydanriskeihin/ 

Magnesium is an important mineral that is involved in a number of metabolic events. It takes part in energy production, muscle and nerve function, and metabolism of bones. Approximately one-half of the magnesium present in the body is inside cells, and one-half is bound to the bones together with potassium and phosphate. Only approximately 1% of it is free in the blood. 

We get magnesium from almost all foods, but the biggest concentrations are found in grain products, coffee and mineral water, vegetables such as potatoes, berries and fruit, and dairy products.  

Excess intake of magnesium from food is not a concern; the kidneys regulate the body’s magnesium levels by filtering excessive magnesium into urine.  

## When should magnesium be measured?  

Magnesium is often measured when examining magnesium levels in the blood, especially in connection with diseases of the kidneys. 

If you exhibit the following symptoms, having your magnesium level checked might be in order. They can be a sign of too low magnesium levels in the body. 

- Fatigue 
- Vomiting 
- Muscle twitch, shivers, convulsions 
- Diarrhoea 

Magnesium is rarely found in excessive amounts in the body, because the body regulates the level of magnesium to a suitable level itself. However, it can be seen in connection with gut malabsorption (coeliac disease).

## What does a magnesium test measure?  

The test measures the level of magnesium in the blood. Only approximately 1% of the body’s magnesium is free in the blood. 

The result indicates whether there is enough magnesium in the blood or whether there is any magnesium deficiency.  


Magnesium

We constantly need trace elements in order to stay healthy and feel well. The LOUNA Trace Element Values package reveals whether you are getting enough magnesium or zinc in your diet. Ensure your body is not suffering from any deficiencies.

The LOUNA Trace Element Values package includes the results for five levels with one examination. It covers the most important trace elements in your body to help you assess their intake in your diet. Sufficient trace element intake from food is important because the body is unable to synthesise them itself. Strenuous exercise can also cause a drop in the level of certain trace elements.

Why are trace elements so important? They promote, for example, the function of the muscles, nervous system, and metabolism. For example, trace element deficiencies can indirectly lead to a decrease in blood iron levels and susceptibility to inflammation.

The LOUNA Trace Element Values package is ideal for both one-off and regular monitoring. If you also want to find out more about your vitamin counts, also recommend the related LOUNA Important Vitamin and Trace Element Values package [here](https://lounalab.fi/products/package/LOU016?code=LOU016). 


Trace Element Values

The LOUNA Trace Element Values package reveals whether you are getting enough magnesium or zinc in your diet.  The LOUNA Trace Element Values package includes the results for five levels with one examination.

Trace Element Values 128 €

The LOUNA Trace Element Values package reveals whether you are getting enough magnesium or zinc in your diet.

The LOUNA Man’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of men’s bodies. 

The examinations included in the package provide information on the state of the body and help you make the right choices to avoid health problems pre-emptively.
The examinations included in the package provide information on, for example, kidney, liver, and thyroid function. The package includes the measurement of cholesterol levels, which provide important information on the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases. 

Included in the Man’s Health Values package are measurements important to men, including testosterone and vitamin B12 levels. The package also includes data on long-term levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, iron, and vitamin D. 

In order to follow up on the well-being of your body, and to prevent potential health problems, we recommend ordering the Man’s Health Values package regularly. 


Man’s Health Values

Man’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of men’s bodies. The examinations included provide information on the state of the body and help you make the right choices to avoid health problems pre-emptively

Man’s Health Values package 136 €

The LOUNA Man’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of men’s bodies. Package measures for example testosterone and PSA.

The LOUNA Woman’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of women’s bodies. 

The examinations included in the package provide valuable information on, for example, kidney, liver, and thyroid function. The package also includes a measurement of cholesterol levels, which provide information on the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases. 

The Woman’s Health Values package also examines the levels of vitamin B12 and folate, which are important for women. Vitamin B12 and folate are essential in ensuring, for example, adequate red blood cell production. Any potential infections, changes in hormone levels, and skeletal metabolic disorders are also examined as part of the package. It is advisable to follow up on these levels with age.

The package also includes measurements of the so-called storage iron (ferritin), vitamin D, and fasting blood sugar levels.

To ensure you are aware of all the levels that affect your well-being now and in the future, we recommend ordering the Woman’s Health Values package regularly. 


Woman’s Health Values

The LOUNA Woman’s Health Valuess package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of women’s bodies.

Woman’s Health Values package 136 €

Men’s Fitness Values Extensive

 The 14 studies included in the Men's Fitness Values ​​Extensive Package tell you if your body is in good condition or if something still requires concentration or professional help.

The Health Values package provides you with an exact, in-depth overview of your well-being. The purpose of the package is to support well-being and a balanced, active lifestyle. It is also a useful tool when you are making changes to your lifestyle.

## Thorough health examination by laboratory tests

The LOUNA Health Values package includes a blood count, which provides a basis for your body’s overall well-being, the strength of your immune system, and your kidneys, liver, and thyroid. Additionally, the blood count provides information on the potential risk of cardiovascular diseases. The Health Values package also includes data on long-term levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, iron, and vitamin D.

Long-term blood sugar levels provide a good impression of the long-term glucose balance of your body. If you want to follow up on your daily counts, a fasting plasma glucose (fP-Gluk) sample should also be taken. This sample requires fasting before the sampling.

In order to follow up on the development of your well-being most efficiently, we recommend you order the Health Values package every one or two years.

## Preparing for the laboratory tests

The tests in this package don't require fasting, but TSH is recommended to be taken before 12 o'clock.


Health Values

With the Health Values ​​package, you get an accurate view of your well-being. Comprehensive laboratory test package without a doctor's referral. Check it out and make an appointment.

Health Values package

The Health Values package provides you with an exact, in-depth overview of your well-being.

Trace Element Values

Tests included

Micro-nutrients and minerals

Preparation

Fasting is required