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Allergy

Normally, the result is:  

Form of response: LCT gen c.-13910C>T variant occurs or is missing 

When the lactase enzyme is missing, the analysis finds a change of one nucleotide in the gene that regulates enzyme synthesis (rs4988235,  -13910C>T). The results indicates the genotype and its more detailed interpretation: genotype C/C means primary lactase deficiency, which suggests lactose intolerance. 

Genotypes T/C and T/T are not linked to lactase deficiency, meaning that the symptoms are caused by a condition other than lactose intolerance.

- Coeliac disease tests (S-IgA, S-tTGAbA) 

SYNLAB test list: Lactose intolerance, DNA test (4614 B-Lakt-D, 6333 Mu-Lakt-D) https://www2.synlab.fi/laboratoriokasikirja/tutkimuskuvaukset/laktoosi-intoleranssi-dna-tutkimus-4614-b-lakt-d/ 

Terveyskirjasto health library: Laktoosi-intoleranssi https://www.terveyskirjasto.fi/terveyskirjasto/tk.koti?p_artikkeli=dlk00038&p_hakusana=laktoosi%20intoleranssi 

Lab Tests online: Lactose Tolerance Tests https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/lactose-tolerance-tests


Lactose is found in milk and dairy products. Lactose consists of two simple sugars: galactose and glucose. Lactase is an enzyme that breaks lactose in the gut down into galactose and glucose, which are absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream. 

A lack of the lactase enzyme that breaks down lactose causes a metabolic disorder called lactose intolerance. In lactose intolerance, the breaking down and absorption of lactose is affected. In this condition, untreated lactose passes from the small intestine to the large intestine, where bacteria break the lactose down and hydrogen gas and lactic acid are produced. In addition, lactose in the gut attracts water through osmosis. 

In early humans, the lactase enzyme broke down the lactose in the mother’s milk, but the enzyme was no longer necessary as an adult, and its loss in adulthood was normal. A mutation has taken place in the gene of the enzyme so that the enzyme no longer disappears when maturing into an adult. Approximately 18% of Finns have the original gene, and their lactase enzyme disappears in adulthood. In some people, the lack of the gene does not cause any symptoms. 

The lack of the lactase enzyme can also be caused by damage and irritation of the small intestine. Such damage to the small intestine can be caused by coeliac disease, chronic intestinal infection, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or excessive alcohol consumption, for example. This is known as secondary lactase deficiency. Coeliac disease is the prime disease causing lactase deficiency, and it should be excluded as the cause of lactose intolerance. 

## When should lactose intolerance be measured?  

Typically, the symptoms occur within 30–120 minutes of ingesting dairy products. The subject may have symptoms suggesting lactose intolerance: 

- Stomach pain 
- Abdominal swelling 
- Flatulence 
- Diarrhoea 
- Stomach cramps 

## What does a lactose intolerance DNA test measure? 

The lactose intolerance DNA test (B-Lakt-D) finds out if the subject has a genetic lactase deficiency. The gene test cannot exclude other secondary factors affecting lactose tolerance, such as coeliac disease or gut infections. 

The results indicate the genotype and its more detailed interpretation: genotype C/C means primary lactase deficiency, which suggests lactose intolerance. Genotypes T/C and T/T are not linked to lactase deficiency, meaning that the symptoms are caused by a condition other than lactose intolerance. The intensity of the symptoms cannot be determined based on the result of the gene test.

Stomach and intestines

Lactose intolerance, DNA-test

The lactose intolerance test indicates whether you suffer from a metabolic disorder.

Liver

Normally, the result is:
Reference values:
- Women: 0,5–4,0 g/l 
- Men: 0,9–4,8 g/l 

Please contact your physician or other healthcare professional if you suspect an illness or need help interpreting the results.

The reference values of this examination have changed 11.10.2021. You will find your own result's reference values from My LOUNA in touch with the graph.
Read [more](https://lounalab.fi/article/miten-suhtautua-laboratoriotutkimusten-tuloksiin-ja-milloin-tulos-on) about defining reference values.

Elevated IgA values are typically seen in the following situations: 

- Acute and chronic infections 
- Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis 
- Liver damage, or cirrhosis 
- Chronic inflammation 
- Inherited immune system disorder known as the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 
- Infection in a newborn during pregnancy, such as in connection with congenital syphilis or rubella

Decreased and negative IgA values can occur in the following situations: 

- Inherited IgA deficiency 
- In connection with the use of certain medicinal products (such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, immunosuppressants) 
- Kidney failure 
- Diabetes 
- Burns


SYNLAB test list: https://www.yml.fi/tuotekuvaus_show.php?tuotenro=185

Immunoglobulins or antibodies are proteins produced by the cells of the body’s immune system. Antibodies attach to structures that are alien to the body, such as bacteria and viruses, and help the immune system to destroy the intruders. There are five categories of immunoglobulin: A, G, M, E and D. 

Antibodies of immunoglobulin category A (IgA) are present specifically on the linings of the respiratory tract and gut, where they protect the body from respiratory infections and infections of the gastrointestinal duct. The level of IgA antibodies can be measured from the bloodstream. 

## When should IgA be measured? 

The ability to produce IgA can be inherently absent. This inherited condition is found in 1:400–1:600 Finns. IgA deficiency can predispose to infections and blood transfusion reactions. 

IgA concentration can be elevated in liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases and chronic infections. The test is a good idea in connection with recurring infections (especially in the respiratory tract), constipation, stomach ache, weight loss and diarrhoea. 

## What does the IgA test measure? 

The test measures the IgA concentration in the blood. IgA accounts for approximately 15 per cent of the antibodies in the blood. IgA is also present in saliva, tears, respiratory tract and stomach secretions, faeces and breastmilk. The test an therefore detect inherited IgA deficiency. The test shows if the immune system is affected by a condition. Immunoglobulin testing does not indicate a specific disease, but the value can suggest a disease in the body. 

Immunoglobulin A

Immunoglobulins or antibodies are proteins produced by the cells of the body’s immune system.

Normally, the result is:   

Reference values: 
- Negative: < 7 U/ml 
- At threshold range: 7–10 U/ml 
- Positive: >10 U/ml 

tTGAbA is the most sensitive and precise test for diagnosing coeliac disease. 

Changes in the antibodies indicate aggravated or reactivated coeliac disease. A gluten-free diet alleviates or even eliminates the symptoms of those suffering from coeliac disease and normalises the antibodies, although this takes several months. After a diagnosis of coeliac disease, the antibody levels should be monitored after about 6 months and then every 1 to 2 years. The tissue transglutaminase antibody test is not suited for diagnosing coeliac disease in children under the age of 2. 

High levels of tTGAbA antibodies may indicate coeliac disease.

A healthy body does not produce tTGAbA antibodies. 

- Endomysial antibodies (3729 S-EMA) 
- Lactose intolerance test indicates whether you suffer from a metabolic disorder (B -Lakt-D) 

SYNLAB test list: Tissue transglutaminase, IgA and IgG antibodies (1885 S -tTGAbA, 1886 S -tTGAbG) https://www2.synlab.fi/laboratoriokasikirja/tutkimuskuvaukset/kudostransglutaminaasi-iga-ja-igg-vasta-aineet-1885-s-ttgaba-1886-s-ttgabg/ 

Terveyskirjasto health library: Coeliac disease https://www.terveyskirjasto.fi/terveyskirjasto/tk.koti?p_artikkeli=khp00011&p_hakusana=keliakia 

In coeliac disease, the gluten in food causes inflammation on the lining of the small intestine which, over time, damages the villi structures of the small intestine. The damage can be repaired by eliminating gluten from the person’s diet. Gluten is found in wheat, rye and barley, for example. 

Coeliac disease entails hereditary predisposition and may break out in childhood or adulthood, causing a life-long disorder. About 2% of Finns have been diagnosed with coeliac disease, whereas about 10% have been diagnosed with dermatitis herpetiformis, a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease. In coeliac disease, the body forms antibodies against its own structures. These include transglutaminase, endomysial and gliadin peptide antibodies. 

## When should tTGAbA be measured? 

The symptoms may be so mild or vague that it is difficult to realise they are caused by coeliac disease.   

The most typical symptoms include: 

- Long-term diarrhoea  
- Stomach pain, bloating and flatulence 
- Constipation 
- Fluctuations in bowel movements 
- Reduced speed of growth in children 
- Weight loss 
- Lack of nutrients: iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin D deficiency 
- Lactose intolerance caused by damage to the small intestine 
- Infertility 
- Miscarriage 
- Bone fragility (osteoporosis) 
- Depression 
- Tooth enamel loss 
- Memory disorders 

## What does a tTGAbA test measure? 

IgA-class transglutaminase antibodies (tTGAbA) are the most sensitive and precise test for diagnosing coeliac disease. Some people don't have IgA antibodies at all, and in that case coeliac disease is diagnosed with test tTGAbG. In those suffering from coeliac disease, the IgA deficiency is about 10–15-fold compared to the entire population. 

Tissue transglutaminase, IgA-antibodies

Tissue transglutaminase antibodies indicate coeliac disease. 

The LOUNA Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease test package has been designed to look into the most common reasons for digestive disorders. 

Digestive disorders cause overall discomfort and make daily life more difficult. It is advisable to try and discover the causes of stomach trouble if symptoms persist and certain foods seem to make them worse.

The examination package includes lactose intolerance testing via DNA testing, to discover whether you have a condition in which the digestion and absorption of lactose is impaired. The existence of coeliac disease is examined by immunoglobulin A and tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody tests. 

Lactose intolerance is a common ailment that affects one in five Finns. The term describes a hereditary syndrome, in which the body is unable to digest the sugar within milk, namely lactose. Lactose intolerance generates symptoms such as stomach aches, diarrhoea, and flatulence. The symptoms are relieved when the amount of lactose in the diet is reduced or lactose-containing products are completely excluded.

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease in which the protein contained in cereal products (wheat, barley, rye) damages the lining of the small intestinal mucosa, making it difficult for nutrients to be absorbed. The symptoms of coeliac disease are diverse and very individual. Typical ailments include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and intestinal cramps. Coeliac disease can also occur asymptomatically or cause minor symptoms.

The LOUNA Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease test package has been designed for anyone who suffers from recurring digestive disorders. Our test package will help determine if your symptoms are due to lactose intolerance or coeliac disease.


Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease Examination

The LOUNA Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease test package has been designed to look into the most common reasons for digestive disorders. Digestive disorders cause overall discomfort and make daily life more difficult. 

Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease Examination 68 €

The LOUNA Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease test package has been designed to look into the most common reasons for digestive disorders.

The LOUNA Man’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of men’s bodies. 

The examinations included in the package provide information on the state of the body and help you make the right choices to avoid health problems pre-emptively.
The examinations included in the package provide information on, for example, kidney, liver, and thyroid function. The package includes the measurement of cholesterol levels, which provide important information on the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases. 

Included in the Man’s Health Values package are measurements important to men, including testosterone and vitamin B12 levels. The package also includes data on long-term levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, iron, and vitamin D. 

In order to follow up on the well-being of your body, and to prevent potential health problems, we recommend ordering the Man’s Health Values package regularly. 


Man’s Health Values

Man’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of men’s bodies. The examinations included provide information on the state of the body and help you make the right choices to avoid health problems pre-emptively

Man’s Health Values package 136 €

The LOUNA Man’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of men’s bodies. Package measures for example testosterone and PSA.

The LOUNA Woman’s Health Values package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of women’s bodies. 

The examinations included in the package provide valuable information on, for example, kidney, liver, and thyroid function. The package also includes a measurement of cholesterol levels, which provide information on the potential risks of cardiovascular diseases. 

The Woman’s Health Values package also examines the levels of vitamin B12 and folate, which are important for women. Vitamin B12 and folate are essential in ensuring, for example, adequate red blood cell production. Any potential infections, changes in hormone levels, and skeletal metabolic disorders are also examined as part of the package. It is advisable to follow up on these levels with age.

The package also includes measurements of the so-called storage iron (ferritin), vitamin D, and fasting blood sugar levels.

To ensure you are aware of all the levels that affect your well-being now and in the future, we recommend ordering the Woman’s Health Values package regularly. 


Woman’s Health Values

The LOUNA Woman’s Health Valuess package measures the blood counts that particularly affect the well-being of women’s bodies.

Woman’s Health Values package 136 €

Men’s Fitness Values Extensive

 The 14 studies included in the Men's Fitness Values ​​Extensive Package tell you if your body is in good condition or if something still requires concentration or professional help.

The Health Values package provides you with an exact, in-depth overview of your well-being. The purpose of the package is to support well-being and a balanced, active lifestyle. It is also a useful tool when you are making changes to your lifestyle.

## Thorough health examination by laboratory tests

The LOUNA Health Values package includes a blood count, which provides a basis for your body’s overall well-being, the strength of your immune system, and your kidneys, liver, and thyroid. Additionally, the blood count provides information on the potential risk of cardiovascular diseases. The Health Values package also includes data on long-term levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, iron, and vitamin D.

Long-term blood sugar levels provide a good impression of the long-term glucose balance of your body. If you want to follow up on your daily counts, a fasting plasma glucose (fP-Gluk) sample should also be taken. This sample requires fasting before the sampling.

In order to follow up on the development of your well-being most efficiently, we recommend you order the Health Values package every one or two years.

## Preparing for the laboratory tests

The tests in this package don't require fasting, but TSH is recommended to be taken before 12 o'clock.


Health Values

With the Health Values ​​package, you get an accurate view of your well-being. Comprehensive laboratory test package without a doctor's referral. Check it out and make an appointment.

Health Values package

The Health Values package provides you with an exact, in-depth overview of your well-being.

Lactose Intolerance and Coeliac Disease Examination

Tests included

Stomach and intestines

Preparation

Fasting is not required